Invention | Free full text | Review of the development prospects of floating wind farms

Year 2009 HYWIND DEMO (ZEFYROS),
Offshore Kamoy, Norway, 10 km Siemens 2.3 MW, Hywind
Save,Equinor 220 m, wind speed 40 m/s &
Maximum wave height 19 m, United States $71
million year 2011 Wind Float 1 (WF1),
Agusadore Offshore
Portugal, 5 km Vestas 2 MW, WindFloat
Semi-submersible, principle
strength 49 m, wind speed 31 m/s &
Maximum wave height 17 m, United States $25
million year 2013 VOLTURNUS 1:8, offshore
Castine, Maine, United States, 330 m Renewegy 20 kW, VolturnUS,
semi-submersible, university
maine 27.4 m, 50-year wind speed
14.1 m/s & valid for 50 years
Wave height 1.3 m, USA $12
million Sakiyama, offshore
Shimazakiyama, Fukue, Japan,
5 kilometers Hitachi 2 MW tailwind,
Haenkaze-Toda mixed crystal stone,
all 100 m, 50-year wind speed
45.8 m/s & valid for 50 years
Wave height 12.1 m, not applicable Fukushima Advance
Project Phase I, Offshore
Fukushima, Japan, 23 km 66 kV—25 MVA floating
Fukushima substation
Kizuna – high-grade crystal,
japanese naval alliance
Company (JMU) 120 m, 50-year wind speed
48.3 m/s & 50-year effective wave height 11.71 m, United States $157
Millions for all stages
this project Fukushima Advance
Project Phase I, Offshore
Fukushima, Japan, 23 km Hitachi 2 MW tailwind,
Fukushima Mira—compact
Semi-submersible, Mitsui
Engineering and Shipbuilding
Ltd. (MES) 122–123 m, 50-year wind
Speed ​​48.3 m/s & 50 years
Meaningful wave height 11.71 m, USA $157 million for all
Project stages 2015 Fukushima Advance
Project, Phase 2, Offshore
Fukushima, Japan, 23 km Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 7 MW, Fukushima
Shimpuu—V shape
Semi-submersible, Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries Ltd (MHI) 125 m, 50-year wind speed
48.3 m/s & valid for 50 years
Wave height 11.71 m, United States $157
Millions for all stages
this project SEATWIRL S1, offshore
Lysehil Sweden, N/A 30kW vertical axis wind power
Turbine, SeaTwirl Spar,
sea ​​swirl 35 m, wind speed 35 m/s,
not applicable 2016 Fukushima Advance
Project, Phase 2, Offshore
Fukushima, Japan, 23 km Hitachi 5 MW tailwind,
Fukushima Hamakaze——
Advanced Spar, Japanese Marine Corps
Joint Corporation (JMU) 110–120 m, 50-year wind
Speed ​​48.3 m/s & 50 years
Meaningful wave height 11.71
meters, United States $157 million for all
Project stages 2017 Haywind, Scotland,
Offshore Peterhead, Scotland
UK, 25 km Siemens 5 × 6 MW, Hywind
Save,Equinor 95–120 m, average wind speed
10 m/s & average wave
Height 1.8 m, USA $210 million 2018 FLOATGEN, sea fun
Croisic France, 20 km Vestas 2 MW, Ideol damping
Pool Barge, Ideol 33 m, wind speed 24.2 m/s &
The meaningful wave height is 5.5 m,
us $22.5 million 2019 HIBIKI, Kitakyushu offshore
Japan, 15 km Aerodyn SCD 3MW—2
Blade, Ideol Damped Pool Barge, Ideol 55 m, typhoon-prone area,
not applicable W2POWER 1:6 ratio,
Offshore of Gran Canaria, Spain, not applicable 2×100kW double rotors,
EnerOcean W2Power
semi-submersible, EnerOcean not applicable 2020 Atlantic wind pontoon
(WFA), Viana Offshore
Portuguese Castle, 20 km Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Vestas 3 x 8.4 MW,
WindFloat semi-submersible,
Principle power 85–100 m, N/A, United States $134
million Kincardine, offshore
Kincardineshire, Scotland, UK
15 km Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Vestas 2 MW (formerly
WF1)—Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Vestas 5×9.5 MW,
WindFloat semi-submersible,
Principle power 60–80 m, UK North Sea
scotland coast usa $Chapter 445
million BLUESATH, offshore
Banco Santander, 800 m Aeolos 30 kW, Saitec SATH
1:6, Sethek N/A, Abradel Sardinero, United States
$2.2 million TETRASPAR Demonstration, Offshore
Karmøy Norway, 10 km Siemens Gamesa 3.6 MW,
TetraSpar—Spar, Stiesdal,
stiesdal 220 m, near Zefyros (front
Hywind demo), USA $20.5
million 2021 DEMOSATH, offshore
Spanish Basque Country, 3.2 km 2 MW, Saitec SATH, Saitec 85 m, wind speed 12 m/s &
The meaningful wave height is 2.8 m,
$17.3 million EOLMED, Gruissan Offshore
Mediterranean France, 15 km Senvion 4×6.2 MW,Ideol
Damping Pool – Barge, Ideol 55 m, Mediterranean Sea, United States
$236.2 million Provence Large
(PGL), Offshore Napoleon
beach mediterranean
France, 17 km Siemens Gamesa 3×8.4 MW,
SBM TLP, SBM Offshore 100 m, Mediterranean Sea, United States
$225 million 2022 HYWIND TAMPEN, snoring &
Gullfaks offshore oil field
Offshore Norway, 140 km Siemens Gamesa 11×8 MW,
Hywind Spar,Equinor 260–300 m, average significant
Wave height 2.8 m, USA $Chapter 545
million Lions Golf Links (EFGL),
Leucate-Lebacares Offshore
Mediterranean France, 16 km Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Vestas 3×10 MW,
WindFloat semi-submersible,
Principle power 65–80 m, Mediterranean Sea,
us $225 million GROIX & Belle Isle,
Offshore Brittany, France, 22 km MHI Vestas 3×9.5 MW, offshore
Reed semi-submersible, Navy
energy 60 m, Atlantic Ocean off the coast of France and the United States $Chapter 254
million The twin winds of the East China Sea,
Offshore Ulsan, South Korea, 62 km 200 MW, hexagonal
multiple turbines
Semi-submersible, Hexicon not applicable 2023 New England Aquarium
Wind 1, sea
Monhegan Island in the Bay
Maine, USA, 4.8 km 12 MW, Volturn USA –
semi-submersible, university
maine 100 m, wind speed 40 m/s once in 50 years & valid for 50 years
Wave height 10.2 m, USA $100
million 2024 Redwood Shores, offshore
Humboldt County, California
United States, 40 km 100–150 MW, WindFloat
Semi-submersible, principle
strength 600 m–1 km, annual average
Wind speed 9–10 m/s, not applicable 2025 CADEMO, offshore
Vandenberg, California, United States, 4.8 km 4 × 12 MW, SBM TLP/Saitec
SATH, SBM Offshore/Saitec 85–96 m, average wind speed
8.5 m/s, not applicable 2026 castle wind, sea
Morro Bay, California, United States, 48 ​​km 1 GW, not applicable, not applicable 813 m–1.1 km, average wind speed
Speed ​​8.5 m/s, not applicable